See perforce on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "par force", "4": "" }, "expansion": "Middle English par force", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "par force", "4": "", "5": "by force" }, "expansion": "Old French par force (“by force”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English par force, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French par force (“by force”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "perforce (not comparable)", "name": "en-adv" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:", "text": "If ſhe denie, Lord Hastings goe with him,\nAnd from her iealous Armes pluck him perforce.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:", "text": "For you, most wicked sir, whom to call brother\nWould even infect my mouth, I do forgive\nThy rankest fault; all of them; and require\nMy dukedom of thee, which, perforce, I know\nThou must restore.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "By force." ], "id": "en-perforce-en-adv-wuum6Ol9", "links": [ [ "force", "force" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) By force." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "not-comparable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "by force", "word": "forcément" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "by force", "word": "forzatamente" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "by force", "word": "siłą rzeczy" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "by force", "word": "z konieczności" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nevólej", "sense": "by force", "word": "нево́лей" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "by force", "word": "air èiginn" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "by force", "word": "por fuerza" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "by force", "word": "forzadamente" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "by force", "word": "de juro" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "0 93 7", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 87 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 90 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 92 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 90 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 91 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Catalan translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 82 18", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 89 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 84 16", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Polish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 89 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 89 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 87 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter 17, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Mr. Wickham's happiness and her own were perforce delayed a little longer, and Mr. Collins's proposal accepted with as good a grace as she could..", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1882, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Inferno, canto 34:", "text": "\"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,\"\nThe Master said, panting as one fatigued,\n\"Must we perforce depart from so much evil.\"", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:", "text": "So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the direction of Amiens street railway terminus", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1939 July, John D. Hewitt, “Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 35:", "text": "Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2006, Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Immigrant America: A Portrait, 3rd edition, page 239:", "text": "Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2013 August 1, European Court of Human Rights, A.K. and L. v. Croatia, number 37956/11, marginal 62–63:", "text": "The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "By constraint of circumstances; of necessity, inevitably, unavoidably; as a matter of course." ], "id": "en-perforce-en-adv-D9DBa8Fr", "links": [ [ "constraint", "constraint" ], [ "necessity", "necessity" ], [ "inevitably", "inevitably" ], [ "unavoidably", "unavoidably" ] ], "tags": [ "not-comparable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po neobhodimost", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "по необходимост" }, { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "per força" }, { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "forçosament" }, { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "nécessairement" }, { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "per forza" }, { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "siłą rzeczy" }, { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vólej-nevólej", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "во́лей-нево́лей" }, { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "por fuerza" }, { "_dis1": "0 100", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "forzosamente" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pəˈfɔːs/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɚˈfɔɹs/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-perforce.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg/En-us-perforce.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)s" } ], "word": "perforce" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "par force", "4": "" }, "expansion": "Middle English par force", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "par force", "4": "", "5": "by force" }, "expansion": "Old French par force (“by force”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English par force, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French par force (“by force”).", "forms": [ { "form": "perforces", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "perforcing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "perforced", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "perforced", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "perforce (third-person singular simple present perforces, present participle perforcing, simple past and past participle perforced)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "To force; to compel." ], "id": "en-perforce-en-verb-PuaakxdS", "links": [ [ "force", "force" ], [ "compel", "compel" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) To force; to compel." ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pəˈfɔːs/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɚˈfɔɹs/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-perforce.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg/En-us-perforce.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)s" } ], "word": "perforce" }
{ "categories": [ "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Russian translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s/2 syllables", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "par force", "4": "" }, "expansion": "Middle English par force", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "par force", "4": "", "5": "by force" }, "expansion": "Old French par force (“by force”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English par force, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French par force (“by force”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "perforce (not comparable)", "name": "en-adv" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adv", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:", "text": "If ſhe denie, Lord Hastings goe with him,\nAnd from her iealous Armes pluck him perforce.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:", "text": "For you, most wicked sir, whom to call brother\nWould even infect my mouth, I do forgive\nThy rankest fault; all of them; and require\nMy dukedom of thee, which, perforce, I know\nThou must restore.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "By force." ], "links": [ [ "force", "force" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic) By force." ], "tags": [ "archaic", "not-comparable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter 17, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:", "text": "Mr. Wickham's happiness and her own were perforce delayed a little longer, and Mr. Collins's proposal accepted with as good a grace as she could..", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1882, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Inferno, canto 34:", "text": "\"Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these,\"\nThe Master said, panting as one fatigued,\n\"Must we perforce depart from so much evil.\"", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:", "text": "So, bevelling around by Mullett's and the Signal House which they shortly reached, they proceeded perforce in the direction of Amiens street railway terminus", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1939 July, John D. Hewitt, “Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 35:", "text": "Accordingly work perforce had to be begun. The first sod was cut at Anley, near Settle, in November, 1869, [...].", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2006, Alejandro Portes, Rubén G. Rumbaut, Immigrant America: A Portrait, 3rd edition, page 239:", "text": "Adult immigrants must perforce learn some English, and their children are likely to become English monolinguals.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2013 August 1, European Court of Human Rights, A.K. and L. v. Croatia, number 37956/11, marginal 62–63:", "text": "The central issue in this case is whether the procedures followed respected the applicants’ family life or constituted an interference with the exercise of the right to respect for family life which could not be justified as necessary in a democratic society. […] It is true that Article 8 contains no explicit procedural requirements, but this is not conclusive of the matter. The relevant considerations to be weighed by a local authority in reaching decisions on children in its care must perforce include the views and interests of the natural parents.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "By constraint of circumstances; of necessity, inevitably, unavoidably; as a matter of course." ], "links": [ [ "constraint", "constraint" ], [ "necessity", "necessity" ], [ "inevitably", "inevitably" ], [ "unavoidably", "unavoidably" ] ], "tags": [ "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pəˈfɔːs/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɚˈfɔɹs/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-perforce.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg/En-us-perforce.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)s" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "by force", "word": "forcément" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "by force", "word": "forzatamente" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "by force", "word": "siłą rzeczy" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "by force", "word": "z konieczności" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nevólej", "sense": "by force", "word": "нево́лей" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "by force", "word": "air èiginn" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "by force", "word": "por fuerza" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "by force", "word": "forzadamente" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "by force", "word": "de juro" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "po neobhodimost", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "по необходимост" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "per força" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "forçosament" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "nécessairement" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "per forza" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "siłą rzeczy" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "vólej-nevólej", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "во́лей-нево́лей" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "por fuerza" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "necessarily", "word": "forzosamente" } ], "word": "perforce" } { "categories": [ "English adverbs", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old French", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Russian translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)s/2 syllables", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "par force", "4": "" }, "expansion": "Middle English par force", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "xno", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Anglo-Norman", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "fro", "3": "par force", "4": "", "5": "by force" }, "expansion": "Old French par force (“by force”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English par force, from Anglo-Norman, from Old French par force (“by force”).", "forms": [ { "form": "perforces", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "perforcing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "perforced", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "perforced", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "perforce (third-person singular simple present perforces, present participle perforcing, simple past and past participle perforced)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with obsolete senses" ], "glosses": [ "To force; to compel." ], "links": [ [ "force", "force" ], [ "compel", "compel" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) To force; to compel." ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pəˈfɔːs/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "ipa": "/pɚˈfɔɹs/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "en-us-perforce.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg/En-us-perforce.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-perforce.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)s" } ], "word": "perforce" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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